Working papers in preparation for intended submission. All papers carry CC BY 4.0 licences. Results are preliminary and subject to revision. Forward-looking statements reflect current expectations; actual outcomes may differ materially.

Economic Geography Economic Geography · Working Paper v0.4.2 · May 2026
Retail Anchor Co-location Composition as a Spatial Leading Indicator of Commercial Activity: A Continental-Scale Cluster Analysis
Jennifer M. Woodfine · Peter M. Woodfine · Mathew Woodfine — Woodfine Management Corp., New York, New York
Retail anchor co-location composition — the specific combination of hypermarket, hardware, and warehouse-club formats sharing a sub-metropolitan parking-lot campus — is a measurable, supply-side leading indicator of commercial activity intensity. Applied to 6,493 clusters across thirteen countries in North America and Europe, the framework assigns each cluster a tier (T1/T2/T3) by anchor category composition, then ranks clusters within tiers by geometric proximity and catchment characteristics. A seven-test falsification programme establishes the conditions under which the compositional hypothesis can be rejected.
Keywords: retail co-location, spatial clustering, agglomeration, economic geography  ·  JEL: R12, R30, L81, C61
Platform Summary Platform Summary  ·  Working Paper Phase 22 · May 2026
Retail Co-location Engine — Coverage Portfolio & Analytics
Jennifer M. Woodfine · Peter M. Woodfine · Mathew Woodfine — Woodfine Management Corp., New York, New York
Two-page summary of the PointSav GIS co-location engine for investor and lender audiences. Page 1 maps the geographic coverage portfolio — 6,493 clusters across 18 countries with per-country tier breakdowns. Page 2 presents platform-scale KPIs, T2 anchor composition analysis (95% Hypermarket + Hardware), the four-stage open-data build pipeline, and the key findings from the two working papers establishing the methodology's empirical basis.
Coverage: 6,493 clusters · 18 countries · T1 1,746 · T2 3,393 · T3 1,354  ·  Data: OpenStreetMap, Kontur, US Census LODES, GISCO LAU2
Platform Summary Platform Summary  ·  Working Data v0.2 · Discovery ranking · May 2026
Top 400 Regional Markets — Summary & Methodology
Jennifer M. Woodfine · Peter M. Woodfine · Mathew Woodfine — Woodfine Management Corp., New York, New York
Two-page landscape summary of the Top 400 Regional Markets for North America (400 markets, 3 countries) and Europe (400 markets, 13 countries). A Regional Market is the retail anchor for an underserved region — a town outside any major metro's shadow. Markets are ranked by geometric isolation (distance to the nearest other major hub, derived from the co-location data) rather than retail volume, so well-known large suburbs stay in the list but rank low while genuine regional hubs rise to the top. Page 1 maps the country distribution and top-5 discoveries; Page 2 presents the isolation-first scoring formula, geometric classification, and research context.
NA: 400 markets · US 322 / CA 60 / MX 18  ·  EU: 400 markets · 13 countries · FR 84 / GB 77 / DE 53  ·  #1: Fort Wayne IN · Esbjerg DK  ·  Full lists: projects.woodfinegroup.com
AEC / Construction Technology AEC / Construction Technology · Working Paper v0.2 · May 2026
Open-Source Building-Systems Data Layers for Urban-Scale Site Analysis: A Continental Coverage Assessment Across Sixteen Countries
Jennifer M. Woodfine · Peter M. Woodfine · Mathew Woodfine — Woodfine Management Corp., New York, New York
Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) professionals evaluating commercial development sites require regulatory-grade geospatial inputs — building code climate zones, flood hazard designations, seismic design categories, solar irradiance, and landscape eco-regions — drawn from dozens of national agencies with inconsistent licensing, format, and spatial resolution. This paper presents a coverage assessment of eight AEC-relevant geospatial data layer categories across sixteen countries, evaluating each source by regulatory prescriptiveness, licence, and practical integration method. Three structural open-data gaps are identified: no national flood hazard layer exists for Canada; Mexico's CONABIO precision eco-region and climate data carry a non-commercial licence restriction; and ASCE 7 wind and snow load maps are copyrighted.
Keywords: AEC site analysis, building code climate zones, open geospatial data, flood hazard, ASHRAE 169, H3 spatial indexing